AS
Bibliography
High voltage pulsed current (HVPC). (n.d.). Electrotherapy on the web. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from
http://www.electrotherapy.org/modality/high-voltage-pulsed-current-hvpc
Medical policy. (n.d.). Capital BlueCross. Retrieved April 12, 2014, from
http://ppta.org/Libraries/INSURANCE_RELATIONS_REIMBURSEMENT_COMMITTEE/ElectricalStimulationModalities.sflb.ashx
Types of electrical stimulation used in physical therapy. (n.d.). About.com physical therapy. Retrieved April 8, 2014, from
Why do I get 'stimulated' during physical therapy?. (n.d.). Boston Physical Therapy. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from
http://bostonsportsmed.com/electric-stimulation-physical-therapy/
Other Annotated Bibliographies
Article Number 2
Source
Bellew, J. W., Beiswanger, Z., Freeman, E., Gaerte, C., & Trafton, J. (2012). Interferential and
burst-modulated biphasic pulsed currents yield greater muscular force than Russian current. Physiotherapy Theory & Practice, 28(5), 384-390.doi:10.3109/09593985.2011.637286
Summary
This article is a lab report on the experiment of different types of electrical stimulation. The types of electrical stimulation being tested are IFC, Russian, and burst-modulated biphasic pulsed currents. The purpose of this experiment was to see which type elicited the most muscle force. The results of the experiment challenged popular thought regarding electrical stimulation. IFC electrical stimulation was thought to be inferior to Russian and burst-modulated biphasic pulsed currents. The results in this experiment showed that Russian stimulation was inferior to both IFC and burst-modulated biphasic pulsed currents. IFC and burst-modulated biphasic pulsed currents both enacted about the same amount of muscle force.
Potential Quotes
“Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is widely recognized as the use of therapeutic electrical currents for purposes of actuating skeletal muscle to increase, or prevent loss, of strength.” (pg 384)
“These results offer new and compelling evidence to support the use of IFC for NMES and provide seminal data regarding the effects of a burst-modulated form of BP current for muscle activation.” (pg 389)
“A surprising finding of this investigation was the magnitude of difference between muscle forces elicited among the three waveforms. That IFC and BMPC resulted in 66% and 63% MVIF, respectively, with only 33% elicited using Russian current was unexpected.” (pg 387-88)
Assessment
This source is credible because Physiotherapy: Theory and Practice is a published medical journal. Along with that, it is in the database of Galileo, a site that compiles credible sources and information.
Reflection
I can use this when comparing different types of electrical stimulation and what they are best used for. This source could also be useful in ranking the best types of stimulation if I chose to go that route in my final project.